Problems
1. Eliminating the four points on the right-hand side of Example 2-8 (depths of 3.4, 3.0, 2.8, and 2.0 ft), calculate the volume of excavation in bank measure.
2. A sample of gravel from a stockpile weighs 15 lb (6.80 kg). After oven drying, the sample weighs 14.2 lb (6.44 kg), k Calculate the moisture content of the sample.
3. Find the size of a conical spoil bank created by the excavation of 500 BCY (382 BCM) of clay. The soil’s swell is 30% and its angle of repose is 35°.
4. Use the profile and mass diagram of Figure 2-6 to find the following values:
a. The total volume of (1) cut, (2) fill, (3) waste, and (4) borrow.
b. The average length of haul for Section 2.
1. A soil weighs 2400 lb/cu yd (1089 kg/m3) loose, 3050 lb/cu yd (1383 kg/m3) in-place, and 3600 lb/cu yd (1633 kg/m3) compacted. Find the swell and shrinkage of this soil.
2. Observations indicate that an excavator carries an average bucket load of 3.0 LCY (2.3 LCM) per cycle. The

7. A hydraulic excavator is excavating the basement for a large building. Heaped bucket capacity is 1.5 cu yd (1.15 m3). The material is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 0.90. Job efficiency is equivalent to a 50-min hour. The machine’s maximum depth of cut is 24 ft (7.3 m3), and the average digging depth is 13 ft (4.0 m). The material is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 0.90. Job efficiency is equivalent to a 50-min hour. Average swing angle is 90°. Estimate the hourly production in loose measure.

7. A ditch having a cross-sectional area of 50 sq ft (4.6 m2) is being excavated in common earth. The soil’s angle of repose is 35° and its swell is 25%. Find the height and base width of the triangular spoil bank that will result from the excavation.