QUESTION 1

1. A lobola, a substantial marital gift from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin among the BaThonga of Mozambique, is

2.

A. a form of bride theft.

B. only given for elopements.

C. the same as a dowry.

D. widespread in patrilineal societies.

E. widespread in matrilineal societies.

3.8 points

QUESTION 2

1. Agricultural intensification is not associated with

2.

A. greater ecological diversity.

B. deforestation.

C. increased regulation of interpersonal relations.

D. increased potential for conflict.

E. population growth.

3.7 points

QUESTION 3

1. All humans were foragers until approximately

2.

A. 10 million years ago.

B. 1 million years ago.

C. 100,000 years ago.

D. 10,000 years ago.

E. 1,000 years ago.

3.7 points

QUESTION 4

1. Colonialism often involves dividing up ethnic groups to weaken their authority.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 5

1. Deforestation is more likely to occur in a food producing society than a foraging culture.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 6

1. Findings of finely shaped bones dating from more than 70,000 years ago in South Africa’s Blombos Cave suggest that

2.

A. anatomically modern humans were good toolmakers but terrible artists.

B. australopithecines had the ability of symbolic thought.

C. scientists need to be careful with tampered evidence about the emergence of culture.

D. anatomically modern humans had the ability, as early as 70,000 years ago, of symbolic thought.

E. bones were used for their functional, not aesthetic, value.

3.7 points

QUESTION 7

1. Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming, including the use of slash-and-burn techniques.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 8

1. How were many postcolonial countries, especially in Africa, formed?

2.

A. Indigenous tribes united to overthrow colonial powers and found their own countries.

B. Colonial powers lumped and separated indigenous groups of people into arbitrary countries.

C. War between eastern and western Africa eventually divided the continent into countries.

D. Nation-states were formed in Africa long before colonialism and remained distinct.

E. Colonial powers tried to form countries based on keeping indigenous people of the same culture together in the same country.

3.7 points

QUESTION 9

1. In South Sudan, a Nuer woman can marry a woman if her father has only daughters but no male heirs. This is done to maintain the patrilineage. The “wife” has sex with one or more men until she gets pregnant. The children born are then accepted as the offspring of both the female husband and the wife. What is important in this example is

2.

A. the fact that only same-sex marriages are recognized in patrilineal societies.

B. social rather than biological paternity, again illustrating how kinship is socially constructed.

C. how biology overrides culture regardless of human intentions.

D. how often marriage is simply about property.

E. that it illustrates how romantic love is both universal and complicated.

3.7 points

QUESTION 10

1. In nonindustrial societies, economic activities and relationships are embedded in society.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 11

1. It is the norm in Africa for countries to have no ethnic majority.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 12

1. Many of the political, linguistic, and economic distinctions separating the countries of West Africa today are inventions of colonialism.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 13

1. Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 14

1. The growth of a market for sugar in Europe spurred

2.

A. a tremendous expansion in the strength of independent indigenous nations of Mexico and South America.

B. the development of a transatlantic slave trade.

C. the movement of sugar-producing nations from the periphery to the core of the world system.

D. the movement of capitalism, once a cultural trait specific to New Guinea (where sugar was first domesticated), to the rest of the world.

E. a long-term improvement in the distribution of wealth among the rural peasantry of England.

3.7 points

QUESTION 15

1. The transatlantic slave trade was spurred by European demands for iron ore.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 16

1. To receive international loans, governments of developing countries have been required to accept neoliberal principles.

2.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 17

1. Today, many American companies are “outsourcing” jobs in order to take advantage of cheap labor in noncore nations.

True

False

3.7 points

QUESTION 18

1. What is a priority issue to the Malagasy, the people of Madagascar?

2.

A. Human poverty

B. Lemur extinction

C. Deforestation

D. Getting local television programming that reflects their culture

E. Lemur interference at airports

3.7 points

QUESTION 19

1. What kind of evidence led scientists studying remains at South Africa’s Blombos Cave to suggest that they had found proof of symbolic thought dated to more than 70,000 years ago?

2.

A. The tools found were specialized for different purposes.

B. Among the bone tools they found were some that were not just sharp but also symmetrical and polished, characteristics that do not add functional value to the tool.

C. Like Upper Paleolithic cave paintings in Europe, the art in Blombos Cave exhibited graphic representations on its walls.

D. What looks like rudimentary pedestals were found that may have been used to exhibit artistic objects.

E. Among the smaller objects found were earrings and necklaces.

3.7 points

QUESTION 20

1. What kind of social unit is common among foragers?

2.

A. Tribe

B. Chiefdom

C. Segmentary lineage

D. State

E. Band

3.7 points

QUESTION 21

1. What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year?

2.

A. Nomadism

B. Migration

C. Transhumance

D. Potlatching

E. Redistribution

3.7 points

QUESTION 22

1. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers?

2.

A. They primarily fish for subsistence.

B. They are wholly dependent on welfare supplied by state-level societies.

C. They live largely in isolation from food-producing neighbors and the influence of the state.

D. They live in marginal environments.

E. They adopted foraging after abandoning more advanced subsistence strategies.

3.7 points

QUESTION 23

1. Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation?

2.

A. Intensive use of land and human labor

B. Irrigation and terracing

C. Use of draft animals

D. Location in arid areas

E. Slash-and-burn techniques

3.7 points

QUESTION 24

1. Which of the following reasons for changing behavior would be most likely to convince an indigenous people to help prevent deforestation?

2.

A. Saving global biodiversity

B. Slowing global warming

C. It is good for the globe

D. Preventing erosion in farmland

E. Helping the government secure a place in the European Union

3.7 points

QUESTION 25

1. Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

2.

A. It typically involves the use of draft animals.

B. It cannot support permanent villages.

C. It requires irrigation.

D. It requires cultivators to let exhausted plots of land lie fallow for several years.

E. It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers.

3.7 points

QUESTION 26

1. Which of the following was not true of the Botswana government’s relocation of the foraging Basarwa San from their ancestral territory?

2.

A. The Botswana High Court ruled that the San had been wrongly evicted.

B. The High Court’s verdict was hailed as a victory for indigenous peoples around the world.

C. The attorney general recognized the court order to allow the San to return to their ancestral lands but imposed conditions that made returning difficult.

D. According to critics, the relocation turned a society of free hunter-gatherers into communities dependent on food aid and government handouts.

E. The government left the main well open for San use, allowing the free use of water that is otherwise a major obstacle to survival in the Kalahari Desert.

3.7 points

QUESTION 27

1. Why do the Kalabari carve wooden sculptures of spirits?

2.

A. purely for aesthetic reasons

B. as an artifact of colonialism; the carvings were a form of resistance to the colonial intrusion and were used in voodoo rituals

C. to market and sell them on the world market

D. to manipulate spiritual forces, illustrating that not all sculpture is art

E. to serve as voodoo dolls