Question 1 

Most scientists who use DNA microarrays obtain them 

  

from companies that mass produce them   
 

from the government 
 

by making them in their labs 
 

by exploiting ambitious graduate   students 
4 points   
Question 2 

“In this study, cancerous and normal skin tissue samples were excised with a scalpel. Each skin sample was then placed into a sample tube along with solvent, shaken on a vortex and centrifuged. When the sample tubes came out of the centrifuge, there was a top layer and a bottom layer. For our purposes, we went on to use      ______________ for further processing.” 

  

only the top layer 
 

only the bottom layer 
 

a mixture of top and bottom layers 
 

none of the options listed 
4 points   
Question 3 

The purpose of the vortex      instrument is to 

  

vigorously shake the tissue sample in   the solvent so that it dissolves. 
 

spin the tissue/solvent mixture   around to separate the solids 
 

cause the mRNA to bind to the pellets   
 

dispose of biohazardous waste safely 
3 points   
Question 4 

“Once the RNA is isolated      from the DNA, proteins and other materials, the solvent/RNA mixture is run      through a column of all beads. Each bead has several short strands of      polyT RNA sticking out of it. In this step:” 

  

“mRNA sticks to the beads, while   rRNA and tRNA run right through the column” 
 

“tRNA sticks to the beads, while   mRNA and rRNA run right through the column” 
 

“rRNA and tRNA stick to the   beads, while mRNA runs right through the column” 
 

none of the options listed 
4 points   
Question 5 

“Once the mRNA is isolated,      you make a DNA copy of it using by adding polyT primers, labeled DNA      nucleotides, and an enzyme known as:” 

  

reverse transcriptase 
 

tyrosine hydroxylase 
 

alcohol dehydrogenase 
 

ATP kinase 
4 points   
Question 6 

A DNA copy of a mRNA transcript is      known as 

  

complementary DNA (abbreviated cDNA) 
 

copied DNA (abbreviated cDNA) 
 

mitochondrial DNA (abbreviated mtDNA)   
 

recombinant DNA (abbreviated rDNA) 
3 points   
Question 7 

Each spot on the DNA microarray in      embedded with 

  

copies of DNA from one particular   gene 
 

copies of DNA from several different   genes with similar functions 
 

copies of DNA from several different   genes with different functions 
 

copies of mRNA from one or more genes   
4 points   
Question 8 

“When we say that the cDNA      derived from our sample has hybridized to a particular spot on the array,      we mean that: ” 

  

The cDNA from the sample has stuck to   the DNA on the microarray at that point. 
 

The cDNA from the sample is jumbled   and cannot be trusted. 
 

The cDNA has been used to make an   mRNA copy 
 

You need to buy microarrays from   different manufacturers and triangulate the results 
4 points   
Question 9 

“In this particular      experiment, we used red-labeled DNA to process the sample from      _____________ tissue and the green-labeled DNA to process the sample from      ___________. ” 

  

cancerous; normal 
 

normal; cancerous 
 

normal; normal 
 

cancerous; cancerous 
3 points   
Question 10 

“After scanning the green      labeled areas and the red labeled areas, when we combine the two images,      the spots that show up as yellow correspond to ” 

  

genes expressed by both normal or   cancerous skin cells. 
 

genes that were not expressed at all   in either normal or cancerous skin cells 
 

“genes expressed by cancerous,   but not normal skin cells” 
 

“genes expressed by normal, but   not cancer skin cells. ” 
4 points   
Question 11 

“In interpreting the results      of this study, spots on the microarray that are red correspond to:” 

  

genes that are turned up by cancer 
 

genes that are turned down by cancer 
 

genes that are unaffected by cancer 
 

genes that aren t expressed in normal   or cancerous cells 
4 points   
Question 12 

“In interpreting the results      of this study, spots on the the microarray that are green correspond to      genes that are ” 

  

genes that are turned down by cancer 
 

genes that are turned up by cancer 
 

genes that are unaffected by cancer 
 

genes that aren t expressed in normal   or cancerous cells 
3 points   
Question 13 

“When the DNA microarray      study tells us that a large number of genes have been turned up (or turned      down) by a disorder, the most likely explanation is that ” 

  

the turned up genes are likely   controlled by a gene that has gone bad 
 

all of these genes are genes that   have gone bad themselves 
 

even just one mutation in any of   these affected genes would have been sufficient to cause the disorder 
 

the cytoplasm has too many free   radicals in it 
4 points   
Question 14 

A gene shown by the microarray to      be expressed is : 

  

“probably making protein, but a   protein expression analysis would be needed to know for sure” 
 

definitely making protein 
 

definitely not making protein 
 

probably making protein but there’s   no way to know for sure 
4 points   
Question 15 

“In the application of this      technique to skin cancer, a gene that has gone bad ” 

  

“may or may not be identified at   all, but the overall pattern of results can give important clues” 
 

can almost always be identified via   DNA microarray