ACC SPCH 1311 Reading Notes Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies Chapters 4, 3, 5: Nonverbal, Verbal, and Listening Ch. 4 Nonverbal 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication 1. Know the 4 principles: 1) Conveys important _______and ________ messages 2) More involuntary than verbal (be able to give an example), More ambiguous than verbal (know what this means), More credible than verbal 2. Know and be able to recognize the three ways nonverbal communication creates meaning (Reinforcing, Substituting, Contradicting). 3. We also use nonverbal communication to influence others, often through___________. Nonverbal communication also regulates the flow of communication and affects relationships. 4. Nonverbal communication expresses our identities. Know definition of artifacts and be able to recognize examples 4.2 Types of Nonverbal Communication 1. Define kinesics. 2. Define haptics. 3. Define vocalics. 4. Define proxemics. 5. Define chronemics. 6. Read about the ways in which personal presentation and environment provide nonverbal cues. Ch. 3 Verbal 3.1 Languaqe and Meaning 1. Understand that language is symbolic. 2. Distinguish between denotation and connotation 3.2 Functions of Language 1. After reading the paragraph on ‘Language is Fun,’ think of an example of when you have had ‘fun’ with language 2. Define ‘slang’ 3. Read blue box ‘Getting Plugged In’ about Textese and consider your thoughts on texting’s impact on language 3.3 Using Words Well 1. Ladder of Abstraction: Be able to distinguish what is low vs high abstract language 2. Read the blue box ‘Getting Competent’ and note at least two tips for public speaking 3.4 Language, Society, and Culture 1. Remember and Understand the basics of Code Switching as it relates to language Chapter 5 Listening 5.1 Understanding How and Why we Listen 1. Know the five stages of the listening process and what occurs in each stage 2. Under ‘responding,’ know ‘back channel cues’ and ‘paraphrasing’ 3. Understand the four main types of listening Discriminative Informational Critical Empathetic 4. Recognize the Four Listening Styles (People, Action, Content, Time) 5.2 Barriers to Effective Listening 1. Environmental Noise 2. Physiological Noise 3. Pyschological Noise 4. Problems that can occur because of difference between speech and thought rate 5. Bad Listening Practices: Interrupting Distorted Listening Pseudo-listening 5.3 Improving Listening Competence 1. Read ‘Listening Competence at each stage of the listening process.’ For each stage, think about one way of improving your own competence that you can begin to employ (or continue to employ if you already do that strategy) Receiving: Interpreting: Recalling: Evaluating: Responding: 2. Read blue box ‘Getting Critical: Listening to Political Spin’ and note at least one fact checking resource: 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback (not required) Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: nonverbal communication Non-verbal communication communication skills active listening communication process User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.