COMMUNICATION 100 Basic Speech Required Outline Format *Sample outlines will be posted in D2L Name and Title of the Speech: I. Introduction (You will type out the entire introduction on your outline.) A. Attention Getter: (story, example, question – capture our interest) B. Credibility Statement:* (what is your experience with the topic?) C. Significance Statement:* (why is the topic relevant/interesting for us?) D. Identification Statement:*(what do you have in common with your listeners?) *The previous three may be in any order and two of them may be combined. E. Thesis Statement: (one sentence that contains the topic of your speech) F. Preview Statement: (specifically list your 2 – 4 main points) Connective/Transition: (‘First….’) II. Body (The body of the speech will be an outline and not a manuscript of the speech.) A. First Main Point: Write as a complete sentence (You will have 2 – 4 main points) 1. Supporting Point: *You need at least two supporting points to explain 2. Supporting Point: each main point, but you can have more than two. Connective: (Can be a word, phrase, sentence… write it on here.) B. Second Main Point: Write as a complete sentence 1. Supporting Point 2. Supporting Point: Connective: (‘In closing…”) III. Conclusion (Your entire conclusion will be on the outline.) A. Closure Statement: (Can be the connective) B. Review of Main Points: (Your preview in past tense) C. Restate Thesis: (Your thesis statement in past tense)* D. Clincher: (wrap up on a strong note – don’t just say ‘thank you”) References: List your references at the end of your outline in alphabetical order using APA or MLA format. Also cite your references during the speech when you specifically refer to materials used from those sources (tell us the source that they came from and the date). Why do you cite sources? -To avoid plagiarism – To enhance credibility -To strengthen your argument -For audience information (if they want to read more about it) Reference Page Citations When you list the references that you used for your speech on the reference page, the main criteria (in this class) is that you are complete. Include ALL available information: author, date, title, publisher, page numbers, web site updated dates, web site retrieved dates, etc. If you use a website, you MUST be able to identify the sponsoring organization. Format: Please follow APA or MLA citation format. There are online resources to help you with this formatting (e.g. OWL at Purdue, MSUM library website). Be sure to list the sources in alphabetical order. Admissions. Minnesota State University Moorhead. Updated February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2018 Citing Sources During the Speech During the speech, you will include less information than you would on the outline. You do this to make the speech flow more smoothly. But you MUST include at least a date and where the source was published (the title of the magazine, newspaper, website, etc.). For example: ‘According to the February 12, 2020 issue of the Fargo Forum…’ ‘The National Communication Association website updated on February 1, 2019 tells us…’ Remember: These sources do NOT count in your required number of sources: Wikipedia, Dictionaries, other online encyclopedias, yourself, blogs, editorials, an immediate family member (for the info mative speech you can use a family member). Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: NHTSA Changing a flat tire How to Change a Tire traffic administration High Speed Cars User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.