COMM 120 Reflection Paper Assignment Instructions Reflection Paper: This assignment is designed to assess your understanding of a theory covered in class and your ability to apply the theory to your lived experiences. In other words, you will apply a theory you learned in class to your own experiences/observations. Ask yourself, how do you see theories operating in the real world? How can a specific theory help you make sense of an interaction, interpret the actions of others, and/or illuminate a social, interpersonal or organizational situation? Turning it in: Your papers should be uploaded to the ‘Assignments’ tab on the Sakai site. Instructions: Choose a theory and choose an observation or experience. Then apply the theory to the chosen experience by explaining how the theory can help us understand the experience. You can choose any theory we’ve discussed the entire semester. Grading Rubric: Papers will be graded holistically, using the following criteria: Format: ____ Paper turned in by due date ____ 3-4 pages, Times New Roman, 12-pt. font, double spaced, 1-inch margins ____ Careful editing to avoid errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and citation ____ Voice of paper sounds cohesive Citations: ____ Paper uses specific quotes from and references to the readings (source citations) ____ All direct quotes include page # ____ All source citations correctly cited in-text and on reference page, using APA style Theory and Application ____ Theory clearly explained: (1) overview of theory presented, and (2) explanation of core theoretical concepts ____ Experience or observation is explained well enough that context is clear to reader ____ Theory concepts and terminology accurately applied to experience or observation ____ Theory concepts adequately applied to experience –meaning, theory is used substantially to discuss the experience, rather than just briefly mentioned ____ Theory used to explain or offer some insight into experience or observation ____ Application appears logical and Paper demonstrates critical thinking Organization: ____ Paper organized in a logical manner, with an intro, body, and conclusion that advance some argument or point ____ Paper has central thesis which is defended with examples and interpretation ____ Introduction contains clear thesis statement stating central claim made in paper ____ Introduction contains clear preview of what you will discuss in paper ____ Transitions made between ideas ____ Conclusion contains clear summary of paper’s argument ____ Conclusion contains culminating statement or overall insight into paper’s analysis Perception COMM 120 Perception The active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting phenomena. Reality 2 levels of reality: (1) first order realities = physically observable qualities of a thing or situation (2) second order realities = involve attaching meaning to first order things/situations Selection Selection: process of determining what we pay attention to in the world. Intensity, Repetition, Contrast/change 4 Specific Types of Selection Selective Attention: attending to certain environmental stimuli while ignoring others Perceptual Accentuation: seeing what we expect/want to see Selection Selective Exposure: tendency to expose self to people/info that reinforces our opinions Selective Retention: tendency to remember that which reinforces our worldview Awareness Tests https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGQmdoK_ZfY Organization Organization: process of arranging sensory information in a way that makes sense We organize using perceptual schema (cognitive frameworks) Organization By Schema: – Textbook: Physical constructs, Role construct, Interaction construct, Psychological construct – Once we classify people, we use schemas to make generalizations Organization How are Schemas used? (1) Generalization (prototypes, stereotypes) (2) Punctuation (cause and effect) Organization Scripts: a sequence of expected behaviors for a given situation Interpretation Interpretation: process of attaching meaning to sensory information Influenced by: Expectations, assumptions, experiences, needs, values, world views, culture Interpretation Factors that can cause us to interpret a person’s behavior in one way or another: Relational Satisfaction Expectation Personal Experience Personality Assumptions about Human Behavior Interpretation More easily interpret familiar things because we already have an organizational scheme – New stimuli require creation of new schema, which makes interpretation difficult Negotiation Inner components of perception: Selection, Organization, Interpretation Negotiation: process by which communicators influence each other’s perceptions Influences on Perception Physiological Influences (senses, age, health, biological cycles, cognitive differences) Psychological Influences (mood, self-concept) Social Influences (sex/gender roles, occupational roles, relational roles) Cultural Influences (value of speech/silence) Darkside of Communication: Gaslighting Gaslight effect ? manipulating/controlling another person’s perceptions. Victims of gaslighting ? tend to blame themselves, apologize, offer excuses for another’s behavior Ponder a moment… (1)How has your time in college shifted your perceptions? (2)Have you noticed how certain relationships have affected your perception? Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 3 pages Tags: Nervous system theory of perception illuminate an organizational situation active process of creating Social lives enjoyed by humans User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.