You are to describe and analyze a current ethical dilemma that is work-related ((Bridgestone/Ford, Enron, MCI, Adelphia, Arthur Andersen, R. J Reynolds, Haliburton, Exxon, Freddie Mac, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, Microsoft, Union Carbide, Merck, and Nestle, etc.); organizations that may have engaged in unethical behavior. In addition, you may explore current organizational dilemmas such as global labor in the textile and apparel industries, discriminatory lending practices by banks, clinical trials in developing nations by pharmaceutical companies, affordable housing in the construction and development industries, welfare-to-work programs sponsored by the government, tribal/reservation land use and development, migrant labor in farming, faith-based initiatives and hiring practices, nepotism in family-run businesses, downsizing and outsourcing, workplace diversity programs and/or affirmative action, employee testing and privacy rights, and corporate volunteerism, among others. Regardless of your choice of a company and/or issue, be sure that it is interesting to you and that you are willing to gather additional information regarding it. Once you have identified a topic, submit a 1-paragraph summary of the paper, via email, to me as soon as possible during the semester. Below the summary, you should also list, in APA format, at least 5 relevant sources that will assist you in your analysis. At least one of the sources should be directly related to an ethical perspective you will use in your analysis. The first paragraph or two of your paper should preview the dilemma or problem, with a clear thesis statement. The first 5-7 pages of the paper should describe the organization and/or dilemma in detail, with an emphasis on analyzing the nature of the ethical dilemma, using both course-related material and outside resources. For example, outside resources should include additional readings related to an ethical theory and/or perspective that you are using in your paper. As you write the paper, keep in mind that there should be a “hook” that compels the interest of the reader, and enough information to set the context (Who? What? Where? Why? How?). The last 3-5 pages should focus on possible solutions (or resolutions) to the problem or situation. As you offer possible solutions, be sure to provide a thorough and well-supported rationale for your arguments. Ethical Perspective: lens an individual uses to view a problem; each person has one whether they realize it or not 5 Types of Ethical Perspectives 1. Duty – individuals have an obligation to the collective (others). Golden Rule; treat others the way you want to be treated Ex. Doctors helping others 2. Rights – individuals have inherent, natural given rights that need to be preserved & society has an obligation to maintain them 3. Utility – is consequential as it focuses on the outcomes. Ask yourself one question: Does it produce the most good for the most number of people? 4. Virtue – we are all born with inherent potential and its the collectives obligation to help us flourish 5. Relationships strong relationships strengthen one’s ethical behavior through effective communication A right/right dilemmas are the hardest ones as both options can be valuable in their own right 5 Ethical Dilemmas ? Truth v. Loyalty Telling the truth & threaten relationship OR remain loyal ? Justice v. Mercy Hold those accountable OR give them a 2???? chance ? Individual v. Collective Clash of interest; focus on the self OR the collective ? Short-term v. Long-term Which to focus on as an organization? Short-term or Long-term? Ethical Tension is an axis people fall on in their decision-making The 2 Ethical Tensions ? Foundational v. Situational ? Individual v. Community 1. Foundational – – Situational Ethical orientation based on a neutral world that has guidelines providing regular/consistent patterns for behavior regardless of context – Characteristics: predictable, efficient, fair, no room to grow, miss details – – Reality is socially constructed & objective Look for context to cue how to proceed Characteristics: less predictable and efficient, has more perspective 2. Individual v. Collective Is the advancement of the individual good for the community OR for the individual Alignment is when an org is true to its given ethics; talks the talk and walks the walk 5 Ethical Practices 1. Participation ? How committed is the organization and its people to ethical behavior? ? Leaders set the tone & employees do it everyday 2. Courage ? How does the organization and its people do what’s right when it involves risk? ? Have skills to identify, assess, and resolve 3. Communication ? How open is their communication? ? Is truthful & reciprocal 4. Transparency ? How transparent is an organization’s structure, policies, and procedures? ? Know/understand them ? Aware of values & goods ? Open to explain decision-making process ? Relevant information is accessible 5. Accountability ? How well does an organization hold each other accountable Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 8 Pages Tags: ethical justice mercy User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.