Essay : Gender Communicaiton How does the power of language shape the way we see social reality? In your response, please discuss 3 forms of language that create gendered, racialized, and/or classed hierarchies. In your discussion, please be sure to specifically define sexist language and build an argument for the use of inclusive language. Finally, your response should address why recognizing both the liberatory and oppressive potential of language is important. The essay will cover the some of the following conceptual areas: (You don’t need to use all of them) Textbook: DeFrancisco, V. P. & Palczewski, C. H. (2019). Gender in communication: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Developing a Critical Gender/Sex Lens Defining Gender Defining Sex Defining Gender/Sex Role of Communication Gender/Sex Differences Approach Gender/Sex Similarities Approach Intersectionality Feminism and the F-word Theories of Gender/Sex Biological Theories Psychological Theories Critical Theories Multiracial and Global Feminism Queer Theory Gendered/Sexed Voices Voice (Metaphorical) Voice (Literal) Vocal Fry Conversational Styles Identity Work in Conversation Dimensions of Humor Gender and Humor Functions of Feminist Humor Gendered/Sexed Language The Power of Language Language as Oppression Semantic Functions Linguistic Marking He/Man Language and ‘You Guys’ Language as Resistance Resignification Rubric for Essay Exams A B C D F A solid answer, responding appropriately to question. Clearly states a thesis/central idea, but may have minor lapses in development. Begins to acknowledge the complexity of central idea and the possibility of other points of view. Shows careful reading of sources, but may not evaluate them critically. Attempts to define terms, not always successfully. Shows a logical progression of ideas and uses fairly sophisticated transitional devices; e.g., may move from least to more important idea. Some logical links may be faulty, but each paragraph clearly relates to answer’s central idea. Adequate but weaker and less effective, possibly responding less well to question. Presents central idea in general terms, often depending on platitudes or cliches. Usually does not acknowledge other views. Shows basic comprehension of sources, perhaps with lapses in understanding. If it defines terms, often depends on dictionary definitions. May list ideas or arrange them randomly rather than using any evident logical structure. May use transitions. While each paragraph may relate to central idea, logic is not always clear. Paragraphs have topic sentences but may be overly general, and arrangement of sentences within paragraphs may lack coherence. Often uses generalizations to support its points. May use examples, but they may be obvious or not relevant. Often depends on unsupported opinion or assumes that evidence speaks for itself and needs no application to the point being discussed. Displays adequate understanding of course readings, viewings, and APA citation style. Cites from lecture notes and/or course readings. Uses relatively vague and general words, may use some inappropriate language. Sentence structure generally correct, but sentences may be wordy, unfocused, repetitive, or confusing. Usually contains several mechanical errors, which may temporarily confuse the reader but not impede the overall understanding. Does not have a clear central idea/argument or does not respond appropriately to the question Thesis may be too vague or obvious to be developed effectively. Answer may misunderstand sources. Does not respond to the question, lacks a thesis or central idea, and may neglect to use sources where necessary. May have random organization, lacking internal paragraph coherence and using few or inappropriate transitions. Paragraphs may lack topic sentences or main ideas, or may be too general or too specific to be effective. Paragraphs may not all relate to question posed. No appreciable organization; lacks transitions and coherence Depends on cliches or overgeneralizations for support, or offers little evidence of any kind. May be personal narrative rather than essay, or summary rather than analysis. Displays minimal understanding of course readings and APA citation style. Cites primarily from lecture notes rather than course readings. Uses irrelevant details or lacks supporting evidence entirely. May be unduly brief. Displays no understanding of course readings or APA citation style. May be too vague and abstract, or very personal and specific. Contains several awkward or ungrammatical sentences; sentence structure is simple or monotonous. Contains mechanical errors or a few important errors that block the reader’s understanding and ability to see connections between thoughts. Contains many awkward sentences, misuses words, employs inappropriate language. Contains so many mechanical errors that it is impossible for the reader to follow the thinking from sentence to sentence. Ideas Excels in responding to question. Interesting, demonstrates sophistication of thought. Central idea or argument is clearly communicated. Recognizes complexity of issues, may acknowledge its contradictions, qualifications, or limits. Understands and critically evaluates sources, appropriately limits and defines terms. Organization Uses a logical structure appropriate to question’s subject, purpose, audience, thesis, and disciplinary field. Sophisticated transitional sentences often develop one idea from the previous one or identify their logical relations. It guides the reader through the chain of reasoning or progression of ideas. Support Uses evidence appropriately and effectively, providing sufficient evidence and explanation. Displays mastery of course readings, viewings, and APA citation style. Cites primarily from course readings, only using lecture notes to cover material not found in the readings. Begins to offer reasons to support its points. Begins to interpret the course readings/evidence and explain connections between evidence and main ideas. Its examples bear some relevance. Displays good understanding of course readings, viewings, and APA citation style. Cites mostly from course readings, only using lecture notes to cover material not found in the readings. Style & Mechanics Chooses words for their precise meaning and uses an appropriate level of specificity. Sentence style fits answer’s audience and purpose. Sentences are varied, yet clearly structured and carefully focused. Almost entirely free of spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors. Generally uses words accurately and effectively, but may sometimes be too general. Sentences generally clear, well structured, and focused, though some may be awkward or ineffective. May contain a few errors, which may annoy the reader but not impede understanding. NOTES: APA Designates incorrect citation style. Italics Titles are italicized in APA Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 4 pages Tags: forms of language Gender Communicaiton Words influence Gendered Hierarchies Man language User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.