1.1 What are the three basic purposes of business messages? 1.3 What does PAIBOC stand for? 1.4 Why do writing and speaking become even more important as people rise in the organization? 1.5 If you’re just looking for a low-level job, why is it still useful to be able to write and speak well? 1.6 Why do you need to understand the purposes, audience, and context for a message to know whether a specific set of words will work? 10 attachments Slide 1 of 10 attachment_1 attachment_1 attachment_2 attachment_2 attachment_3 attachment_3 attachment_4 attachment_4 attachment_5 attachment_5 attachment_6 attachment_6 attachment_7 attachment_7 attachment_8 attachment_8 attachment_9 attachment_9 attachment_10 attachment_10 Will I really have to write? LO 1-1 Yes. A lot. Claims that people can get by without writing are flawed. Claim 1: Secretaries will do all my writing. Reality: Because of automation and restructuring, secretaries and administrative assistants are likely to handle complex tasks such as training, research, and database management for several managers. Managers are likely to take care of their own writing, data entry, and phone calls. 12 Claim 2: I’ll use form letters or templates when I need to write. Reality: A form letter is a prewritten fill-in-the-blank letter designed to fit standard situations. Using a form letter is OK if it’s a good letter. But form letters cover only routine situa- tions. The higher you rise, the more frequently you’ll face situations that aren’t routine and that demand creative solutions. Claim 3: I’m being hired as an accountant, not a writer. Reality: Almost every entry-level professional or managerial job requires you to write e-mail messages, speak to small groups, and write paper documents. People who do these things well are more likely to be promoted beyond the entry level. Claim 4: I’ll just pick up the phone. Reality: Important phone calls require follow-up letters, memos, or e-mail messages. People in organizations put things in writing to make themselves visible, to create a record, to con- vey complex data, to make things convenient for the reader, to save money, and to convey their own messages more effectively. ‘If it isn’t in writing,’ says a manager at one com- pany, ‘it didn’t happen.’ Writing is an essential way to make yourself visible, to let your accomplishments be known. What does communication accomplish? LO 1-3 Management happens through communication. According to Henry Mintzberg, managers have three basic jobs: to collect and convey information, to make decisions, and to promote interpersonal unity—that is, to make people want to work together to achieve organizational goals. 13 All of these jobs happen through communication. Effective managers are able to use a wide variety of media and 6 / 554 > Module 1 Business Communication, Management, and Success 7 President Figure 1.1 The Internal Audiences of the Sales Manager-West To superiors VP production VP marketing VP sales VP finance VP human resources To peers Sales manager East Sales manager Midwest Sales manager West Sales manager International District 1 manager District 2 manager District 3 manager To subordinates Sales rep Sales rep Sales rep Sales rep Sales rep M strategies to communicate. They know how to interpret comments from informal channels such as the company grapevine; they can speak effectively in small groups and in formal presentations; they write well. Communication—oral, nonverbal, and written-goes to both internal and external audiences. Internal audiences (Figure 1.1) are other people in the same organization: subordinates, superiors, peers. External audiences (Figure 1.2) are people outside the organization: customers, suppliers, unions, stockholders, potential employees, government agencies, the press, and the general public. Unions Subsidiaries Professional services (auditors, legal, etc.) Figure 1.2 The Corporation’s External Audiences Source: Daphne A. Jameson. Customers Clients Suppliers Vendors Stockholders Investors Lenders Distributors Wholesalers Franchisees Retailers Agents The corporation Employment agencies Legislators Government agencies, regulators, offices The courts The general public Potential employees Potential customers Potential stockholders Foreign governments and offices Special interest Trade associations The media groups Competitors Other businesses and industries B < 7 / 554 > Til < Site to See Go to www.teslamotors.com Word-of-mouth rather than traditional advertising has fueled sales of Tesla Motors' electric cars. The Importance of Listening, Speaking, and Interpersonal Communication Informal listening, speaking, and working in groups are just as important as writing formal documents and giving formal oral presentations. As a newcomer in an organization, you'll need to listen to others both to find out what you're supposed to do and to learn about the organization's values and culture. Informal chitchat, both about yesterday's game and about what's happening at work, connects you to the grapevine, an informal source of company information. You may be asked to speak to small groups, either inside or outside your organization. 14 Networking with others in your office and in town and working with others in workgroups will be crucial to your success. Instant Replay Internal and External Audiences Internal Audiences Are other people in the same organization: subordinates, superiors, peers. External Audiences Are people outside the organization: customers, suppliers, unions, stockholders, potential employees, government agencies, the press, and the general public. The Purposes of Messages in Organizations Messages in organizations have one or more of three basic purposes: to inform, to request or persuade, and to build goodwill. When you inform, you explain something or tell read- ers something. When you request or persuade, you want the reader to act. The word request suggests that the action will be easy or routine; persuade suggests that you will have to motivate and convince the reader to act. When you build goodwill, you create a good image of yourself and of your organization—the kind of image that makes people want to do business with you. Most messages have multiple purposes. • When you answer a question, you're informing, but you also want to build goodwill by suggesting that you're competent and perceptive and that your answer is correct and complete. In a claims adjustment, whether your answer is yes or no, you want to suggest that the reader's claim has been given careful consideration and that the decision is fair, businesslike, and justified. • To persuade, a résumé gives information to prove that you're qualified for the job and uses layout to emphasize your strong points and build a good image of you. . Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: BUSINESS MESSAGES PAIBOC stand lowlevel job Student has agreed that all tutoring, explanations, and answers provided by the tutor will be used to help in the learning process and in accordance with our company'shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.