In this space you will summarize (400-600 words) your metacognition and reflection experiences throughout the semester focusing on the metacognition practices and lectures thus far in class. This is a written examination of your own learning process and growth. Gender Communication Lecture one Facets of Identification Differentiating between biological assignment and socially identified constructs Sexual Gender Identity Identity Romantic Identity One identity is not dependent on another. All identities in all people may be fluid Dr. Sandra Bem (1974) From the Greek words Andros (male) and Gyne (female) Androgynous Masculine Gender Undifferentiated Feminine • Cisgender (1994) to parallel Evolving Gender Language Transgender • Gender neutral pronouns (they, them, theirs) • Gendering and Gendered Communication There is space on this spectrum for physicality and physical attraction between sexuality and romantic orientation BIOLOGICAL ASSIGNMENT AND GENDER SIGMUND FREUD (1905) ‘THREE ESSAYS ON THEORIES OF SEXUALITY’ ‘Everyday language possesses no counterpart to the word ‘hunger’, but science makes use of the word ‘libido’ for that purpose.’ — S. Freud • Refers to homosexuality as inversion • Foreshadowed the discovery of hormones HORMONAL DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL ASSIGNMENT • Estrogen and Testosterone • Who has them • What they do • Chromosomal Differences • Male — XY • Female — XX • The SRY GENE (Sex-determining Region Y Gene) • 6-7 weeks — testosterone activates gene • Impact of testosterone on Gonads • Impact of inactive SRY GENE – Testicular Feminization IMPACT OF THE SRY GENE ON BIOLOGICAL ASSIGNMENT CONTROVERSY IN TESTING Olympic Runner Caster Semenya Wants To Compete, Not Defend Her Womanhood Koopman et al (1991) SRY gene mice study released 1992 1991 International Olympic Committee decides anyone with SRY gene cannot participate as female athletes 2021 ATYPICAL CHROMOSOMES / HORMONAL DISORDERS / INTERSEX • Turners syndrome (XO) • 1 in 5000 • Fertility issues • Stein-Leventhal Syndrome (PCOS) ATYPICAL CHROMOSOMES / HORMONAL DISORDERS / INTERSEX • Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) • 1 in 750 biologically assigned males • Breast development and underdeveloped testes • Natalie Angier (1999) • Clitoris = Glans • Labia minora = Shaft of penis STUDYING THE SEX ORGANS • Labia majora = Scrotum • Vaginal wall = ??? Masters and Johnson (1957 — 1990) Published Human Sexual Response (1966) THE KINSEY SCALE (1948) Rating | Description 0 | Exclusively heterosexual 1 | Predominantly heterosexual, only incidentally homosexual 2 | Predominantly heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual 3 | Equally heterosexual and homosexual 4 | Predominantly homosexual, but more than incidentally heterosexual 5 | Predominantly homosexual, only incidentally heterosexual 6 | Exclusively homosexual W HAT DO ES I T LO O K L I K E ? Feminism Global differences in labeling women’s movements as Feminist movements. The F-word and its origins The feminist model: Anglo-European Planting seeds of feminist hope: Wives of America’s ‘founding fathers’ (Abigale Adams and Elisa Hamilton), women were considered property, but could not own property First Wave Feminism: Early Suffragettes focus on enfranchisement — impact of the reconstruction amendments Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Sojourner Truth ‘Ain’t I a Woman’ 14th Amendment *1787 3/5 compromise 1840s 1851 1868 1848 First Women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY 1857 Dred Scott Case Verina Morton Jones ‘Lincoln Settlement House’ Voting rights (19th) 1911 1870 Voting rights (15th) 1920 1912 Mabel Lee ‘Chinese exclusion act of 1856’ Radical feminism Liberal feminism Social feminism Three Contrasting ideologies Still No ERA Why it is important? ‘Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex’ 1972 Alice Paul and National Women’s party pass the ERA in the House and Senate Activism, led by Phyllis Schlafly a conservative activist, blocks efforts Deadline set for 1979 to ratify (38 states) Extended to 1982 — but still 3 states short As of 2018, 37 of needed 38 In January 2020 Virginia Becomes State #38 Schlafly remains CEO of the EAGLE FORUM Until her death in 2016… The early princesses Snow white and the seven dwarfs (1937) Cinderella (1950) Sleeping Beauty (1959) Basic plot formula Defining characteristic Second wave feminists oSeparatists oStructural oLesbian oPower Media Induced Impact 1963: Gloria Steinem goes undercover at the Playboy Mansion 1971: Steinem and Dorothy Pitman Hughes cofound the Women’s Action Alliance 1972: Steinem and Hughes co-found Ms. Magazine Hughes is an Author… Activist… Business Owner. The Renaissance Princesses The Little Mermaid (1989) Beauty and the Beast (1991) Aladdin (1992) Pocahontas (1995) Mulan (1998) Third wave feminism oRebecca Walker (born 1969): writer, feminist, activist. Coined 3rd wave in 1992 in interview with Ms. Magazine: ‘I am the third wave’ oFocus on balance oAction oriented movement oFocus on inclusion oFocus on intersectionality oLater brings in Queer Theory Fourth Wave Feminism (2014) Sex positive Body positive Trans inclusive Digitally driven Black feminism #metoo Do not mess with me, I am not a princess 5th wave? Encanto? ? 1 Metacognition Reflection Found/tonight song by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Ben Platt is encouragement poetry that narrates and gives hope to a person suffering or undergoing hard times. Sometimes as a human, I feel down, weak, and tormented by my surroundings and the things I encounter. These life experiences make me feel unimportant and losing everything. For example, when I lose a close friend or a relative, I feel emptiness. I feel like I am in the middle of nowhere with no one to share my feelings with. However, the song says, “we may not yet have reached our glory, but I will gladly join the fight.’ Meaning, things may be challenging today, but the moment of ‘joining the fight’ (having victory) will come. The ability to withstand today’s difficulties will give hope to the generations that will come later. Our victory today will provide them a story to narrate tomorrow; they’ll tell the story of tonight.’ For example, our forefathers fought for the freedom and independence of our country. They suffered harm and brutality from their colonizers but finally got the independence they wanted. Today, we narrate a story of victory because we are free from colonial yolks. Suppose our forefathers gave up fighting for freedom and independence; we would not be enjoying nationality today. However, we narrate and tell a story of victory because they endured suffering before. Alternatively, if we endure our troubles today and be firm, the future generation will also share and celebrate victory just like we do today. In a nutshell, the song says,” raise a glass of freedom, something they can never take away.’ Freedom is used symbolically to mean standing firm and withstanding hand times. The only sure way to be included in our children’s victory narrative is by standing stronger today and securing their future. For example, our parents sacrificed for us to grow and get 2 educated. Today, we celebrate them because of their sacrifices to bring us up. In the same way, we should empower ourselves today for our future generations to have a story to tell about us. 3 Reference Lin-Manuel Miranda & Ben Platt- Found/Tonight (official video). YouTube: https://youtu.be/2aQykuIaJVI Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 400 words Tags: communications gender learning process User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.