PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Introduction I. Attention-getting device: Personal credibility: (TOTAL TIME FOR THE INTRODUCTION– 1 minute) Add your attention-getter here (remember there are lots from which you can choose. Make it appropriate for your speech.) Add in an explanation (or story) about why you are the person to give this speech. Thesis/Message: Preview of main points: Transitional word or phrase: Discussion (Body of the Speech) II. Main Point #1: A. 1. B 1. Transitional word or phrase: (TOTAL TIME FOR ALL 3 MAIN POINTS– 5-6 minutes) III. Main Point #2: A. 1. B 1. Transitional word or phrase: IV. Main Point #3: A. 1. B 1. Conclusion TOTAL V. Cue the ending: (TOTAL TIME FOR THE CONCLUSION– 1 minute) This is often a transitional word or phrase. Summarize main points: Call to action: What do you want your audience to do or to change their minds about? What do you want your audience to focus on at the end of your speech? Leave a lasting impression: PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Introduction (TOTAL TIME FOR THE INTRODUCTION– 1 minute) I. Attention-getting device: Did you know that only 1.2% of college students report experiencing no stress? Personal credibility: Every year since 2000, the American College Health Association has surveyed thousands of students on physical and mental health issues, including their overall stress levels. Of those responding to the most recent National College Health Assessment, which went out to more than 96,000 students, 48% reported at least moderate stress, while 32.8% reported high stress. College, as we all know, is extremely stressful, and we have to find ways of coping with that stress. Thesis/Message: I believe if we, as college students, regularly engage in a creative pastime, it can help relieve the stress caused by classes and other responsibilities. Preview of main points: Today I will talk with you about…. • What do I mean by a creative pastime? • Why is it valuable for us to engage in a creative pastime? (and) • How do we fit a creative pastime into our lives? Transitional word or phrase: Let’s begin with… Discussion (Body of the Speech) (TOTAL TIME FOR ALL 3 MAIN POINTS– 5-6 minutes) II. Main Point #1: What do I mean by a creative pastime? A. In their 2008 article “Hobbies: The Personal Path to Creativity,” posted at the Psychology Today website, Michele and Robert Root-Bernstein liken hobbies to play, from which we make new things, gain personal knowledge, and learn new skills. 1. Drawn from that insight, my definition of a creative pastime, would be any hobby which engages the imagination, like painting or writing or playing Dungeons & Dragons, or which results in a new product like a sweater, or a piece of art, or a loaf of bread, which would also tend to involve learning something new. B. For the sake of simplicity, I am going to use the word “hobby” interchangeably with the phrase “creative pastime.” Transitional word or phrase: Now that we’ve defined our terms, let’s talk about… III. Main Point #2: Why is it valuable for us to engage in a creative pastime? A. As students, we not only have stress from school, but also from jobs and other outside commitments. 1. In her 2020 article “The Importance of Hobbies for Stress Relief,” posted at Verywellmind.com, Dr. Elizabeth Scott, an expert on stress management, says, “Hobbies provide a slice of work-free and responsibility-free time in your schedule. This can be especially welcome for people who feel overwhelmed by all they have to do and need to recharge their batteries by doing something they enjoy.” 2. A few years ago, adult coloring books were all the rage; it’s amazing how relaxing just sweeping a marker across a piece of paper while concentrating on staying inside the lines, can actually be after a tough day of work or homework — plus, you have a pretty picture when you’re finished. B. In addition to the normal day-to-day stress from school and jobs, now we must deal with the stress created by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 1. In their 2020 article “Meaning-Making Through Creativity During COVID-19,” published in Frontiers in Psychology, Hansika Kapoor and James C. Kaufman, state that “being immersed in something creative, often losing track of time and one’s surroundings, can be intensely joyful.” 2. Now, more than ever, we need to take our minds off the things that stress us out — to knit or fold origami unicorns or write poetry. Transitional word or phrase: Now that we know why we need a creative pastime, let’s move on to… IV. Main Point #3: How do we fit a creative pastime into our lives? A. Between homework and jobs and family responsibilities, we are ridiculously busy and might think there is no way we can spare any time for something frivolous, but it can be easier than you think to fit a new hobby into your life. 1. I have said before that I am an amateur photographer; in addition to my cellphone, I keep a small pocket camera with a reasonably good zoom in my purse, so I always have it with me. B. The recommendation of Scott Behson, in his 2020 article “Working Parents, Save Time for Hobbies,” posted on the Harvard Business Review website, is, “Carve out regularly scheduled times for hobbies and protect that time as you would an important business meeting or family matter.” 1. When I was younger, every Saturday night was Dungeons & Dragons night and nothing else was ever scheduled on Saturdays -and when I went through a divorce a decade ago, I went back to regularly scheduled game days. (Pause) Conclusion TOTAL (TOTAL TIME FOR THE CONCLUSION– 1 minute) V. Cue the ending: To summarize then… Summarize main points: Today I talked with you about…. • What do I mean by a creative pastime • Why is it valuable for us to engage in a creative pastime, and • How do we fit a creative pastime into our lives Call to action: If you give it some thought, I’ll bet you could find a way to work a few minutes of something creative into your day. Leave a lasting impression: Sir Winston Churchill had this to say of painting, which he took up at the age of 40: “Painting is complete as a distraction. I know of nothing which, without exhausting the body, more entirely absorbs the mind. Whatever the worries of the hour or the threats of the future, once the picture has begun to flow along, there is no room for them in the mental screen.” If someone as busy as he could take the time for a creative hobby, surely we, too, can find the time. PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Introduction I. Attention-getting device: (TOTAL TIME FOR THE INTRODUCTION– 1 minute) Personal credibility: Thesis/Message: Preview of main points: Transitional word or phrase: Discussion (Body of the Speech) II. Main Point #1: A. 1. B 1. Transitional word or phrase: (TOTAL TIME FOR ALL 3 MAIN POINTS– 5-6 minutes) III. Main Point #2: A. 1. B 1. Transitional word or phrase: IV. Main Point #3: A. 1. B 1. Conclusion TOTAL V. Cue the ending: Summarize main points: Call to action: Leave a lasting impression: (TOTAL TIME FOR THE CONCLUSION– 1 minute) Outline Part 3 The Introduction- includes an attention-getting device, your personal credibility, thesis statement, and preview of main points. (10 pts.) a The Conclusion- includes a word or phrase which “cues” the ending, a brief summary of your main points, a call to action, and a lasting thought or impression. (10 pts.) Transitions- are words or phrases which help your audience realize that you are moving from one part of the speech to the next. You may also use a transition when moving from one idea to a different idea anytime in the speech. (10 pts.) Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: Speech Outline Part 3 Tags: Persuasive Speech Career planning career adaptability User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.