1 Annotated Bibliography 1. Language in society. (2021, February 19). Virginia Commonwealth University. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@go/page/42979 – Romancing across Cultures Some intimate friendships grow into romantic relationships. There is a natural tendency to find mates that are similar to us in a way. We may seek partners within our in-groups or those with who we share similar beliefs and values. In intercultural relationships, a different dynamic may be at play. Standards of beauty vary within different cultures, where stereotypes are set for those women or men who are deemed attractive. To what extent romantic love may play in choosing a mate can also vary among different cultures. Some tend to move into marriage when they are stable financially, while other cultures emphasize that their people should marry within their cultural boundaries. In some cultures, it is common to use a trusted intermediary who helps seek a partner (Jones, 2021). Arranged marriages can be successful, but some of the couples in such situations end up divorcing after they realize they aren’t into each other. Also, some cultures emphasize that their people should marry from their race. Interracial marriages can be stressful, and successful interracial marriages can give rise to a third culture that is a blend of the two cultures intertwining. 2. Fishman, J. A. (2019). The sociology of language: An interdisciplinary social science approach to language in society (pp. 217-404). De Gruyter Mouton. – Cultural schemas and scripts 2 A speech remark can be received very differently according to the cultural tradition or cultural schema, that is the model that provides the guides to behavior in particular contexts. Consequently, certain people can react to compliments in varying ways. Some may downplay the compliment according to their culture, and some may be overconfident. In this case, it seems that culture has a key role to play in deducing meanings from scripts. Also, there are social situations that normalize the behavior applied in a language known as cultural scripts. These scripts provide guidelines on the way of acting and speaking which is learned through observation, experience, and cultural bounds (Fishman, 2019). For instance, in a public bathhouse in Japan, people of the same sex can go into a communal bath. For some people, the idea of public nudity may be shocking, but for the Japanese, it is acceptable according to their culture. Therefore, one may be aware of the expectations out of a conversation but may fail to act accordingly due to cultural schemas and scripts. 3. Simpson, A. (2019). Language and society: An introduction. Oxford University Press. – Gender and Communication According to research, different patterns of communication can be identified in both men and women. Men and women seem to convey different ways of communicating with people, which is attributed to their gender as influenced by the society. For instance, most young women in the US tend to use a vocal fry or deferential tones when communicating. However, such speech habits hold women back professionally in business settings where tone and language rules are set by men. Moreover, studies claim that in conversations, most women try to build rapport to establish connections, while 3 men exhibit knowledge and skill by sharing information. Therefore, men and women communicate subconsciously in different manners, without being aware of how their mindsets differ. To communicate well, they have to understand both communication styles and respect each other’s points of view. Also, due to a male-dominated society, women’s speech can often be undervalued. This sets cultural expectations that form standards for both men and women in society. Consequently, understanding the difference in communication in gender can be vital in intercultural encounters (Simpson, 2019). 4. Mooney, A., & Evans, B. (2018). Language, society, and power: An introduction. Routledge. – Communication in Personal Relationships As social beings, humans tend to build many relationships in the course of the their life. Their communication in this regard is highly founded on the number and kind of relationships they embrace. The language used in each relationship varies according to the purpose of the encounter. Religious beliefs and personal attitudes can play a major role in such cases. As the relationships grow, some may turn into friendships. Studies show that most friendships are formed based on the commonality of interests and values. This is evident in online communities, especially in the internet era we are currently in. As most relationships thrive, most people reveal certain information about themselves as they grow closer. The communication grows from shallow topics to more personal subjects. How friendship is understood varies differently too among various cultures. It might take less time or longer to initiate and build a friendship according to certain cultures (Mooney & Evans, 2018). Also, the friendship may be based on mutual respect, 4 understanding the needs of one another, positive sharing of information, or building social connections according to the type of culture. 1 Please write the body of the paper which is based on the introduction that you wrote last time. I also attached the citation page, you have to use them either. Requirements: • • 850-1500 words o this is for the body of the paper; your reference page is not part of the word count o do not include a title page or abstract APA formatting 7th Edition (Links to an external site.) o o o • • no MLA, Chicago, or other styles you may use Student or Professional NO title page or abstract NO title page or abstract o I only want the body of the paper and references o I know I’m repeating myself 4 sources o your textbook and all other course readings can be used as your sources o they must be primary sources INTRODUCTION English speakers understand each other when they speak; however, they may behave differently and feel offended by the behavior and practices of other English speakers even in units as small as the family. This tells us that there are different societies among English speakers and each has its language. Society and language are a match, made in heaven. Language is more than spoken words. Each society has its language composed of spoken words, behavior, and practices. Spoken words may be common among a vast majority within a huge geographical location, however, behavior and practices become more unique to each society. Language is part of life as people use it to interact and understand one another: it is the only way to express and understand each other’s feelings and ideas. People use language to communicate with 2 each other in all social interactions and communicate to others through either written or spoken form. As such, language completes society by ensuring communication considering that there is no society without communication. Just as a car runs on fuel and the body uses blood to keep running, a society without language is dead. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that society and language are inseparable using three concepts of identity, culture, and conflict management in marriage. Reference Godwin-Jones, R. (2021). Culturally Embedded Language. Language in society. Grade scale: Please follow the grade scale to write the body. thanks 1.Introduction a?Provide a brief explanation of the disparity that you chose b. Explain how they relate to one another. c. Provide an over-arching thesis statement for the paper. d. Grammar is appropriate and professional 2.History and Development of the disparity a. origin of the disparity is described fully. b. Evolution of the disparity brought up to current date. c. reliable sources utilized. d. comprehensive understanding demonstrated through the writing 3.Analysis of the Disparity a. compare and contrast of the privileged versus the underprivileged is fully flushed out. b. Description of the negative and/or positive impact the disparity has had on society c. reliable sources utilized. d. comprehensive understanding demonstrated through the writing e. describe how we speak about the disparity. what are the words that are used. How can we improve the language and word choice around the disparity 4.Solution a. Describe a solution that can help to decrease the gap within the disparity b. demonstrate solvency, which is describing how it will solve c. reliable sources utilized. d. comprehensive understanding demonstrated through the writing 5.Conclusion a. What did you learn throughout the process of researching and writing b. Any last comments or remaining thoughts on the subject material 6.Language and Grammar a. Use of simplicity (clear and precise language) b. Use of vividness (colorful and descriptive language) c. Use of appropriateness (professional language, formal tone) d. No more than an average of two grammar errors per page 7.Formatting Works Cited page in APA format b. In text references in APA format c. Margins, double spacing, and section headers all correctly formatted d. Page numbers in APA format e. Professional formatting on the section headers in the paper Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 1500 Words Tags: Beliefs and Values romantic relationships Language and Society User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.