Speech #4: Persuasive 2 Speech Outlines Guide Complete this form. Copy the entire contents of the form. Paste it into a new document. Save the new document as ‘lastnameHW7.’ Upload it to the Week 7 Homework Dropbox. Name: WORKING OUTLINE Complete this outline using complete sentences. Topic: Specific purpose statement: To persuade my audience … Thesis statement (central idea): Organizational pattern: Motivated Sequence (required) Attention Step 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Attention-getter: Audience relevance: Central idea: Credibility statement: Preview statement: Transition statement: Body Using the format below, include main points and subpoints as appropriate. I. Need Step: A. Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint a. Sub-sub-subpoint b. Sub-sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint B. Subpoint C. Subpoint Transition statement: II. Satisfaction Step: A. Subpoint B. Subpoint Transition statement: III. Visualization Step: A. Subpoint B. Subpoint Transition statement: Action Step 1. Call to action: 2. Clincher: Bibliography This speech requires you to have at least six sources. SPEAKING OUTLINE Complete this outline using only key words and phrases, plus quotations, statistics, and source information. Transfer this outline to note cards for use when delivering your speech. Insert delivery cues where appropriate. Attention Step 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Attention-getter: Audience relevance: Central idea: Credibility statement: Preview statement: Transition statement: Insert delivery cues where appropriate. Body I. Need Step: A. Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint a. Sub-sub-subpoint b. Sub-sub-subpoint B. Subpoint C. Subpoint Transition statement: II. Satisfaction Step: A. Subpoint B. Subpoint Transition statement: III. Visualization Step: A. Subpoint B. Subpoint Transition statement: Insert delivery cues where appropriate. Action Step 1. Call to action: 2. Clincher: Speech Research Form Use this form to begin your preliminary research into the topic of your speech. You need to collect information from at least five different database collections using the Park Online Library Databases (http://www.park.edu/library/database.aspx). In addition, you need at least three different types of supporting materials as identified in Chapter 8 of the textbook: brief examples, extended examples, dictionary definition, expert definition, etymological definition, functional definition, expert testimony, lay testimony, statistics, narratives, literal analogies, or figurative analogies. The information you collect must: ? be relevant to your topic; ? be specific (only something you would quote, paraphrase, or summarize in your speech, not an entire article for example); ? Be purposeful as a specific type of supporting material. SPEECH TOPIC: Climate Change Source 1: Ebsco Article title: Possible impacts of climate change on extreme weather events at local scale in south-central Canada. Author: Cheng Chad; Auld Heather; Li Qian; Li Guilong Name of periodical: Journal Article, Climate Change Volume: 112 Pages: 963-979 Date: June 2012 Database used: Ebsco Date information retrieved: 7/15/2021 Type of supporting material: Books and articles Information obtained (copy and paste): The climate validation process has resulted in statistical downscale, historical simulation, and project changes. Efficient physical choices have led to a consistent and relevant variable relevant to the production of verification results. Historic observation has created variables that are a product of simulation from the models, presenting an excellent applications agreement. It has also caused currently tested extremes. The modeled outputs of climate change research show the recurrence of adverse weather conditions caused by climate change. The implications are projected to increase significantly in South Central Canada. The hazards of the increase of climate change outcomes must be investigated and integrated into rules and plans for reducing the effects and adapting climate-wise and economically. The article’s research has supported decision-makers in Canada to decide on issues that will help Canada overcome climate change or deal with future events that will result from adverse climate changes. The research also shows the models and methods, including the results used with simple language to make the decisions more accessible for the necessary audience. Source 2: Gale Virtual Reference Library Article title: Climate change: It is our problem Author: Patricia L. Jackson Allen Name of periodical: Pediatric Nursing Volume: 41 Pages: Date: February 2015 Database used: Gale Date information retrieved: 7/15/2021 Type of supporting material: Reports and articles Information obtained (copy and paste): The article talks about climate change having long-lasting problems for our ecosystem. The impacts are irreversible and severe to both humans and the environment. Many countries’ minimum efforts to mitigate the effects are not paying off because many developing countries are using fossil fuels to carry out many activities. As climate change continues to grow worse, there will be very adverse effects. For example, an increase in the temperatures would likely cause the glaciers to meltdown. Climate change will cause health risks because of drought and famine, both for animals and humans. There will be an increase in the presence of waterborne and foodborne diseases as climate change become worse. Climate change will also result in scarcity of food and water worldwide, therefore resulting in conflicts for the minimum resources that would be at that time. It also affects people’s health and many communities, leading to deaths and reduced society margins due to poverty, immigration, mental problems, and language barriers. Climate change will cause effects such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and cyclones. Source 3: Newspaper database Article title: Climate Change Is Accelerating, Bringing World ‘Dangerously Close’ to Irreversible Change. Author: Henry Fountain Name of periodical: The New York Times Volume: Pages: Date: Dec 2019 Database used: Newspaper Date information retrieved: 7/15/2021 Type of supporting material: Report Information obtained (copy and paste): Environmentalists suggest that climate change and its effects are getting worse as time moves, and the worst side effects are yet to be seen. However, every measure taken to control GHG emissions will require quick actions to interfere with people’s ways. The most effective form of reducing climate change is through the reduction of fossil fuel usage worldwide. Research shows that the temperatures are becoming higher as time moves and seas and oceans are warming up. Frozen areas may start to thaw/defrost, causing a threat to the release of significant amounts of stored carbon gases, making the situation worse. There has been a rise in disasters resulting from climate change effects such as floods which have been more destructive to physical features and resulted in the death of plants, animals, and humans. It may be difficult for people to separate between natural calamities and natural weather conditions caused by other factors. The buildup of forests could help mitigate the future risks of climate change and prevent natural disasters for future generations. There could be effects such as heatwaves, floods, extreme changes in rain patterns, and loss of sea/ocean ice. Source 4: Any specialized database Article title: Climate Change: The Ultimate Challenge for Economics Author: William Nordhaus Name of periodical: American Economic Review Volume: 109 Pages: 1991-2014 Database used: Google Scholar Date: June 2019 Date information retrieved: July 2021 Type of supporting material: articles, books, and reports Information obtained (copy and paste): climate change is the beginning of a present and future problem that has adverse effects on many countries. First, climate change has menaced Earth and loomed its future beauty and current beauty and sustainability. Dealing with climate change has been a problem for many people, and it still maintains to be an excellent deal for many countries. Many states lack good management to form mechanisms that will reduce climate change and its consequences. Global international matters pose significant differences compared to state environmental problems. The economic state suggests how far they are willing to stop climate change because the strategies are cost-consuming, and many countries are developing. There must be the formation of climate change policies for every country to help reduce the effects and future implications the world would likely face. Solving climate change also helps to prevent danger on animals, plans, and the whole ecosystem. Source 5: Any other database Article title: Climate change perception and choice of adaptation strategies Author: Wondimagegn Tesfaye, Lemma Seifu Name of the periodical: International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management Volume: 8 Pages: 253-270 Date: 2016 The database used: Z- library Date information retrieved: July 2021 Type of supporting material: books, reports, and articles Information obtained (copy and paste): report shows an increase in the amounts of GHGs and worsening of climate change as time moves by. Rapid population growth has been the center of most of the world’s problems, for example, food and water security, and livelihood and these problems are adverse for developing countries. Climate change has contributed to a significant reduction in the negative impacts. Therefore, adaptive measures can quickly help vulnerable societies face extreme conditions properly and mitigate any damages. There must be a better understanding of climate change because it promotes better strategies to reduce the effects. Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: climate change mitigation procedures high heat floods strong winds User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.