Attached is my powerpoint presentation on the Effects of Early Childhood Pregnancy. The slides need to have less wording and more details in the speaker note’s section. Also more details and references. My instructor says I didn’t go in depth enough and need more structure. This is a speech I have to give and I need a few more slides on this topic. Also more in the speaker notes. Can you assist? EFFECTS OF EARLIER CHILDHOOD PREGNANCY Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Date INTRODUCTION • Early childhood pregnancy has become menace. • The ratio of early childhood pregnancies being terminated are very high. For Example; USA(40%), UK(60%), Italy (85%) and so on. (Gyan, 2013, 3(3)) • It has become a norm to the entire world. • This is more common in the age group of 15-19 year old women. • There are effects that comes along with early childhood pregnancy. • Such effects are nonspecific and encompass various aspects (Upadhyay & Srivastava, 2016). HEALTH EFFECTS • The child (mother) may develop tears during delivery, that is, cervical and vaginal tears. • Adverse health effects such as maternal anemia, hypertension, anxiety, and depression are observed. • Excessive bleeding post-delivery. • Development of fistulas; vesicovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas. • Some factors that leads towards death may include low birthweight of a mother (or a child), medical complications and inability to deal with the pregnancy. (Goonewardene & Waduge, 2005) SOCIAL EFFECTS • School drop-outs: Because of constant bullying, girls have been seen to drop out of schools so as to attend to motherhood. • Isolated: Little girls have been stigmatized due to their early pregnancy situation. Because they are considered ‘disgrace’ (Philips, Jaddoe, & Trasande, 2017). • Anxiety and Depression: Small children falling victim to early pregnancies have developed depression. • Forced Stability: Little girls have had to grow faster than their actual age, because of their abrupt situation of motherhood. • Employment Opportunity: The girl-child becomes victim of the employers. (Gyan, 2013, 3(3)) Fig: Hurley, K. (2018, February 9). Six Ways to Help Your Child Deal with Social Exclusion. Parenting & Family. Greater Good Magazine. WAYWARD LIFESTYLE • ADDICTION: Alcohol, smoke and other drug substance are being used at a high rate, due to depression. • SEXUAL IMMORALITY: It has become the trend of today; prostitution and fornication, as such girls try to find a way to fend for themselves. • CHANGE OF STYLE: The girls end up adopting dressing styles that are shameful; the wearing of short, skimpy dresses and shorts, and translucent blouses and tops, since they lost their sense of respect (Smith, Gotman, & Yonkers, 2016). • ABORTIONS: Abortions are being committed at will without a care that a developing innocent life is being killed in the process, the most probable cause being the fear of stigma. CONCLUSION • Early pregnancies have taken a huge toll on the female gender. • The victims have been left traumatized, feeling like outcasts in the society. • Victims have ended up developing wanting personalities; anger issues, inhumanity and even adoption of a carefree life. • Children should be advised on how to take care of themselves to avoid these many cases of earlier pregnancies. REFERENCES • Smith, M. V., Gotman, N., & Yonkers, K. A. (2016). Early childhood adversity and pregnancy outcomes. Maternal and child health journal, 20(4), 790-798. • Philips, E. M., Jaddoe, V. W., & Trasande, L. (2017). Effects of early exposure to phthalates and bisphenols on cardiometabolic outcomes in pregnancy and childhood. Reproductive Toxicology, 68, 105-118. • Upadhyay, A. K., & Srivastava, S. (2016). Effect of pregnancy intention, postnatal depressive symptoms and social support on early childhood stunting: findings from India. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 107. • Goonewardene, I., & Waduge, R. D. (2005, 17 March). Adverse effects of teenage pregnancy. Ceylon Medical Journal. • Gyan, C. (2013, 3(3)). The Effects of Teenage Pregnancy on the Educational Attainment of Girls at Chorkor, a. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 53. • Hurley, K. (2018, February 9). Six Ways to Help Your Child Deal with Social Exclusion. Parenting & Family. Greater Good Magazine. Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: Early childhood pregnancy Communications Effects User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.