CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Overview of Public Speaking 1. Be familiar with Aristotle’s five canons of public speaking. Be able to identify in a multiple choice, or explain their roles. a. invention: b. arrangement: c. style: d. memory: e. delivery 2. What are the 4 types of speeches that Cheryl Hamilton identifies as being under the umbrella term of public speaking? a. b. c. d. 3. Be familiar with the 4 primary benefits of improving your public speaking skills 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical Public Speaking 1.Be familiar with the 4 aspects of ethical public speaking. 2. Know the difference between audience-centered and self-centered speakers. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Essay #1 You will write an essay about the 5 ground rules for ethical public speaking and the behaviors to avoid if the goal is to be an ethical communicator. (15 points) Speaker Anxiety 1. Know the 4 causes of glossophobia. a. b. c. d. Audience Analysis 1. Define audience analysis: 2. What are the advantages for a speaker who chooses to adopt an audience centered approach when selecting a topic and crafting their speech? 3. What are the 3 dimensions of Audience Analysis? Explain each. a. b. c. Everything Delivery 1. Define effective delivery and have examples in mind: 2. Identify and describe the 4 methods of delivery: 1. 2. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet 3. 4. 3. Know the 5 functions of physical delivery. a. b. c. d. e. Informative Speeches 1. Identify and describe the 6 types of informative speeches. Be able to give an example topic for each type. a. people: b. events: c. processes: d. issues: e. concepts/ideas: f. objects: 2. Be very familiar with the strategies to increase interest and understanding. Be able to identify when one of these strategies is being used in a speech (application question). a. repetition b. rewards/relevance c. show/tell d. humor e. check audiences understanding. 3. Know the 6 goals/components of an introduction. 1. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4. Know the importance of establishing speaker credibility. Outlining 1. Define a working outline. 2. Define a speaking outline. Persuasion Parts 1 & 2 1. Be able to tell the following 3 theories of persuasion apart: • • • Cognitive dissonance: Elaboration Likelihood Model: Social Judgment Theory: 2. Be familiar with the 3 stages of speaker credibility: 3. Identify and tell the differences between the 3 types of persuasive speeches a. actuate b. convince c. intensify social cohesion CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Special Occasion Speeches Know the 5 functions of Commemorative Speeches. Essay #2 You will write about the speaking assignment that gave you the most difficulty this semester. (15 points) • • • • Describe what was hard/challenging. Give details about why you found it to be a challenge. How did you overcome the challenge? Think of strategies/tips/concepts learned through this class (other performances/lectures etc) that you can use to improve in the future. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Overview of Public Speaking 1. Be familiar with Aristotle’s five canons of public speaking. Be able to identify in a multiple choice, or explain their roles. a. invention: b. arrangement: c. style: d. memory: e. delivery 2. What are the 4 types of speeches that Cheryl Hamilton identifies as being under the umbrella term of public speaking? a. b. c. d. 3. Be familiar with the 4 primary benefits of improving your public speaking skills 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical Public Speaking 1.Be familiar with the 4 aspects of ethical public speaking. 2. Know the difference between audience-centered and self-centered speakers. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Essay #1 You will write an essay about the 5 ground rules for ethical public speaking and the behaviors to avoid if the goal is to be an ethical communicator. (15 points) Speaker Anxiety 1. Know the 4 causes of glossophobia. a. b. c. d. Audience Analysis 1. Define audience analysis: 2. What are the advantages for a speaker who chooses to adopt an audience centered approach when selecting a topic and crafting their speech? 3. What are the 3 dimensions of Audience Analysis? Explain each. a. b. c. Everything Delivery 1. Define effective delivery and have examples in mind: 2. Identify and describe the 4 methods of delivery: 1. 2. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet 3. 4. 3. Know the 5 functions of physical delivery. a. b. c. d. e. Informative Speeches 1. Identify and describe the 6 types of informative speeches. Be able to give an example topic for each type. a. people: b. events: c. processes: d. issues: e. concepts/ideas: f. objects: 2. Be very familiar with the strategies to increase interest and understanding. Be able to identify when one of these strategies is being used in a speech (application question). a. repetition b. rewards/relevance c. show/tell d. humor e. check audiences understanding. 3. Know the 6 goals/components of an introduction. 1. CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4. Know the importance of establishing speaker credibility. Outlining 1. Define a working outline. 2. Define a speaking outline. Persuasion Parts 1 & 2 1. Be able to tell the following 3 theories of persuasion apart: • • • Cognitive dissonance: Elaboration Likelihood Model: Social Judgment Theory: 2. Be familiar with the 3 stages of speaker credibility: 3. Identify and tell the differences between the 3 types of persuasive speeches a. actuate b. convince c. intensify social cohesion CST 100 FA 21 Final Practice Review Sheet Special Occasion Speeches Know the 5 functions of Commemorative Speeches. Essay #2 You will write about the speaking assignment that gave you the most difficulty this semester. (15 points) • • • • Describe what was hard/challenging. Give details about why you found it to be a challenge. How did you overcome the challenge? Think of strategies/tips/concepts learned through this class (other performances/lectures etc) that you can use to improve in the future. Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: communications public speaking User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.