Watch the debate listed below (linked) and summarize what happened. Describe the occasion and what occurred. Connect the event back to 2-3 course concepts (will provide a PowerPoint) Use specific examples from the event/video in order to make these connections between the course concepts and event/video clear. What did you like or dislike about the event/video? Requirements: At least 350 words, 12pt. font, Times New Roman or Calibri, double spaced https://www.c-span.org/video/?508652-1/ncaa-v-alst… Link for debate CHAPTER 3 Audiences and Fields of Argument CHECK IN How does the speaker connect w/ the audience? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTyiq-JpM-0 AUDIENCE All arguments should consider audience Who is typically in the audience? What are the demographics? FOUNDATIONAL WORKS Perlman & Olbrechts-Tyteca ‘The New Rhetoric’ Toulmin ‘Uses of Argument’ Concerned with how audiences were addressed/persuaded PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Universal audience Particular audience We should consider when we are constructing/evaluating arguments PERLMAN & OLBRECHTSTYTECA Appeal to universal audience Objective facts — facts that are knowable and uncontested ­ Ex. The sun is hot Obvious truths — generalizations that are commonly shared/understood ­ Ex. parents are worried about their children ­ Ex. you should wash your hand after using the restroom PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Use presence ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Presentation style is important Easiest way = repetition Verbal and non-verbal delivery Ex. 7 different sentences PRACTICE: https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-tongue-twisters-improve-pronunciation/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tN4Zulagb8 DELIVERY Variation of tones Volume Rate of speech Pauses Eye contact Gestures Facial Expressions TOULMIN What is the difference between field dependent and field invariant arguments? Field dependent- Arguments that work in only some fields TOULMIN • Ex. Creationism Field invariant- Arguments that work in all fields • Ex. Smoking is bad for your health CHAPTER 3 Audiences and Fields of Argument CHECK IN How does the speaker connect w/ the audience? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTyiq-JpM-0 AUDIENCE All arguments should consider audience Who is typically in the audience? What are the demographics? FOUNDATIONAL WORKS Perlman & Olbrechts-Tyteca ‘The New Rhetoric’ Toulmin ‘Uses of Argument’ Concerned with how audiences were addressed/persuaded PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Universal audience Particular audience We should consider when we are constructing/evaluating arguments PERLMAN & OLBRECHTSTYTECA Appeal to universal audience Objective facts — facts that are knowable and uncontested ­ Ex. The sun is hot Obvious truths — generalizations that are commonly shared/understood ­ Ex. parents are worried about their children ­ Ex. you should wash your hand after using the restroom PERLMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA Use presence Presentation style is important Easiest way = repetition Verbal and non-verbal delivery Ex. 7 different sentences PRACTICE: https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-tongue-twisters-improve-pronunciation/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tN4Zulagb8 DELIVERY Variation of tones Volume Rate of speech Pauses Eye contact Gestures Facial Expressions TOULMIN What is the difference between field dependent and field invariant arguments? Field dependent- Arguments that work in only some fields TOULMIN • Ex. Creationism Field invariant- Arguments that work in all fields • Ex. Smoking is bad for your health Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: Supreme court Justices National Collegiate Athletics Association Seth Waxman Shane Alston Jeffrey Kessler User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.