Sleep Apnea Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about sleep apnea. INTRODUCTION: 1. Attention-Getter Statement: Sleep is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves so remember, the sooner we get a full night’s sleep, the closer we are to feeling refreshed in the morning and the sooner we are living a more fulfilled life. 2. Reason to Listen Statement: According to the American Academy of Sleep Study, 26% of adults between the ages of 30 and 70 suffer from some form of sleep apnea. With a staggering statistic like that, there is a good chance that we may all know someone or we ourselves are suffering from this sleep disorder. 3. Credibility Statement: I myself grew up in a household where three of the five family members suffered from sleep apnea. I began to develop symptoms in my early adult life and after almost twenty years of waking up tired, I decided to see what this condition is all about and if there is anything that can be done about it. 4. Preview Statement: In my speech I will first give you the facts about what Sleep Apnea is. Afterward I will discuss how it can affect one’s life. Lastly, I will explain how this can be treated. BODY: (Transition: To begin, I am going to talk to you about what exactly is Sleep Apnea) 1. Main-Point#1: The simplest way to describe sleep apnea is when ones breathing starts and stops throughout the night. There are three types of sleep apnea: the most common form, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and complex sleep apnea. While all three types have different causes, they all have the same result, causing disruptions of your breathing while you sleep. a. Sub-point: As previously mentioned, obstructive sleep apnea is the most common form. Just like the name states, obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the airway becomes obstructed. When the muscles in the throat relax, the airway closes or nearly closes causing a limited amount of air you are able to take in. If this happens repeatedly then the brain will send a message to wake you up so you can open your airway. Now imaging if this happens multiple times a night, one can bet their sleep will be heavily interrupted. b. Sub-point: Central sleep apnea is similar in its effects, just has a different cause. Those who suffer from sleep apnea have difficulty breathing because once they fall asleep, their brain does not signal the muscles required for breathing. When you stop breathing for a period of time, then much like obstructive sleep apnea, the brain signals you to wake up so you can breathe. c. Sub-point: And finally complex sleep apnea is simply a combination of the previously mentioned forms. This form is generally discovered after a patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, but the general treatment is not working as anticipated. (Transition: Now that you have a better understanding of what sleep apnea and the different forms, I am going to tell you how this condition may affect one’s life.) 1. Main-Point #2: There are many health-related issues associated with sleep apnea, both mental and physical. a. Sub-point: When sleep is affected, many other aspects of our lives may also be affected. Since on with sleep apnea is waking up throughout the night, they have trouble getting a full night’s sleep. Because of this, someone who suffers from sleep apnea may experience daytime fatigue. Lack of sleep can cause you to have trouble concentrating on task, it can cause poor judgment, you may experience forgetfulness and it may lead to high stress levels and depression. b. Sub-point: Sleep apnea has been linked to many health risks due to the negative impact a lack of oxygen has on your body. According to 2013 article titled ‘Sleep Education’ by the American Academy of Sleep Study these include high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, pre-diabetes and diabetes, and depression. c. Sub-point: The health and safety of others may be at risk as well when someone suffers from sleep apnea. Someone who wakes up tired or suffers from daytime fatigue and gets behind the wheel of a car is putting not only their life at risk but also every other individual who is on the road. Snoring is one of the most common symptoms of sleep apnea. The loud snoring associated with sleep apnea may keep your partner from getting a full nights rest and may suffer from some of the same issues due to the lack of sleep. (Transition: Now that you know the dangers that are associated with sleep apnea, I want you to have hope. There are treatments available to treat this common sleep disorder) 1. Main-Point #3: If one suffers from sleep apnea, there is hope. There are treatments available to help or reversing the symptoms and condition all together. Before you can get treatment, you will need to be diagnosed. According to Dr. Naresh Punjabi’s 2007 article titled ‘The Epidemiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea’ 70-80% of those affected with Obstructive Sleep Apnea remain undiagnosed. So it is important to see a doctor if one is experiencing any symptoms or day time fatigue a. Sub-point: The first thing a doctor may recommend is making lifestyle adjustments. Changing eating and exercise habits may help reduce weight and therefore allow the airway to widen with the decrease of fatty tissue around the airway. If one smokes, then it will be recommended that they quit smoking. b. Sub-point: For more severe cases where lifestyle changes may not be enough there are other courses of action. One of the most common devices that helps treat sleep apnea is a continuous positive airway pressure machine or more commonly known as a CPAP. A CPAP is exactly as it sounds, it pumps continuous air into the airway passage with just enough pressure to keep the airway open. The main issue with a CPAP is that is often considered uncomfortable. c. Sub-point: There are some procedures that can have a positive effect. Surgery may be performed to remove the fatty tissue that blocks the airway or some may have their tonsils removed. If these do not help there are more elaborate surgeries that can restructure the facial bones. CONCLUSION: 1. Transition: In conclusion, if diagnosed with sleep apnea, know that it does not have to define you. 2. Review Statement: Today I told you what sleep apnea is. Then I explained how this disorder can affect one’s life. Lastly, I explained how sleep apnea might be treated. 3. Memorable Closing Statement: Sleep is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves so remember, the sooner we get a full night’s sleep, the closer we are to feeling refreshed in the morning and the sooner we are living a more fulfilled life. References/Works Cited: ‘Sleep Apnea’ by Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleepapnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20377631 ‘What you Need to Know About Sleep Apnea’ by Medical News Today; https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178633 ‘Sleep Education’ by American Academy of Sleep Medicine; http://sleepeducation.org/essentials-in-sleep/sleep-apnea (2013). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (Ed. 22, illustrated in full color.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Punjabi, Naresh M. ‘The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea.’ Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society vol. 5,2 (2008): 136-43. doi:10.1513/pats.200709-155MG Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 3 pages Tags: Human Progress Disney Land socio cultural condition User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following our company’shonor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.